Fe + H₂SO₄ -> FeSO₄ + H₂ (1)

Al₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ -> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O (2)

n_H2=0,7(mol)

Theo PTHH 1 ta có:

n_H2=n_Fe=0,7(mol)

m_Fe=56.0,7=39,2(g)

%m_Fe=\(\dfrac{39,2}{64}.100\%=61,25\%\)

%m_Al2O3=100-61,25=38,75%

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(2A1+2NAOH+2H_2O-2NaA10_2+H_2O\)

\(AI_2O_3=2NaOH+2NaOHA10_2+H_2O\)

\(n_{AI}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{AI}=27.0,4=10,8\left(gam\right);mAI_2O_3=31,2-10,8=20,4\left(gam\right)\)

Biết làm mỗi câu A

 Chỉ Có Al tác dụng với HCl sp tạo ra khí H₂

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
   0.4           \(\leftarrow\)                           0.6  (mol)

\(Al_2O_3+HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+H_2O\)

n_Al=\(\dfrac{0.6\cdot2}{3}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)

m_Al=0.4*27=10.8(g)

=)) \(m_{Al_2O_3}=31.2-10.8=20.4\left(g\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{10.8}{31.2}\cdot100=34.62\%\\\%Al_2O_3=\dfrac{20.4}{31.2}\cdot100=65.38\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

\(0.2.....................................0.2\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.2\cdot56=11.2\left(g\right)\) 

\(m_{Fe}=m_{hh}=11.2\left(g\right)\)

=> Đề sai 

\(n_{H_2}=\frac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(2HCl+Fe\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

0.2         0.1         0.1          0.1

\(m_{Fe}=0.1\times56=5.6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{FeCl_2}=0.1\times127=12.7\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{FeCl_3}=39.4-12.7=26.7\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{FeCl_3}=\frac{26.7}{162.5}=0.16\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

0.08                         0.16 

\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0.08\times160=12.8\left(g\right)\)

nH2=0.1(mol)

Fe+2HCl-->FeCl2+H2

0.1    0.2      0.1       0.1     (mol)

mFe=0.1x56=5.6(g)

mFeCl2=0.1x127=12.7(g)

mFeCl3=39.4-12.7=26.7(g)

=>nFeCl3=26.7/162.5=0.16(mol)

Fe2O3+6HCl-->2FeCl3+3H2O

0.08                          0.16

mFe2O3=0.08x160=12.8(g)

\(a) Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} =0,05(mol)\\ m_{Mg} = 0,05.24 =1,2(gam)\\ m_{Cu} = 7,6 -1,2 = 6,4(gam)\\ b) n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,05}{0,5} =0,1(lít)\\ c) n_{MgSO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,05(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgSO_4} = 0,05.120 = 6(gam)\\ d) \text{Bảo toàn electron: } 2n_{Mg} + 2n_{Cu} = 2n_{SO_2}\\ \Rightarrow n_{SO_2} = 0,05 + \dfrac{6,4}{64} = 0,15(mol) \Rightarrow V_{SO_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)\)

2Al+3H2SO4--->Al2(SO4)3+3H2

Al2O3+3H2SO4---->Al2(SO4)3+3H2O

n\(_{H2}=\frac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Theo pthh1

n\(_{Al}=\frac{2}{3}n_{H2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

%m\(_{Al}=\frac{0,1.27}{15.6}.100\%=17,31\%\%=\%=\)

%m\(_{Al2O3}=100-17,31=82,69\%\)

a) m_Cu = 3,2 (g)

=> m_Fe = 6 - 3,2 = 2,8 (g)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

          0,05->0,1--->0,05--->0,05

=> V₁ = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Fe + 6H₂SO_4(đ/n) --> Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3SO₂ + 6H₂O

          0,05--------------------------------->0,075

            Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

           0,05------------------------>0,05

=> V₂ = (0,075 + 0,05).22,4 = 2,8 (l)

b)

n_HCl(dư) = 0,5.2 - 0,1 = 0,9 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,9}{0,5}=1,8M\\C_{M\left(FeCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,5}=0,1M\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\) (1)

\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\) (2)

Theo PT (1): \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=15,6-5,4=10,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT (1), (2): \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{mu\text{ố}i}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\)

c) Theo PT (1), (2): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}+3n_{Al_2O_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(c\text{ần}.d\text{ùng}\right)}=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\)